Week 7 Assignment Busn 420 Essay Example for Free

Week 7 Assignment Busn 420 Essay Since this class will be a piece of my major and all the perusing and the idea of business law, it will be useful for my major too. In this 7 weeks I have found out about agreements, verbal, hardware and some others that I know will be a piece of my consistently assignments, likewise at the interim where to go or to do at a particular town hall as well. The information that I got since taking this class and the way Im going to break down the legitimate part of my profession. Likewise the distinctions in how each states have they own business law (courts) and how to apply for them as well. Like precedent-based law that I never found out about this law and what establish to business, in my own I committed a great deal of errors before in light of the fact that I didn’t realize what I think now about how or which kind of business should I have or where to go, the distinction among partnerships or in what direction I could be influenced in the event that anything occurs. How organizations will influence the relations with my accomplices uncommonly in the event that they are individuals from my family or companions. I for one had a LLC Corporation and to reveal to you the genuine I didnt know the importance or the benefit of having a LLC Corporation as I do now, I realize that the means that I have to do now in the event that I might want to have or open another company and all in light of this class. This time I realize I wont commit similar errors I made in the pass, uncommonly marking agreement or consent to something I dont know, and figure out how to distinguish cures accessible as per each states as well, for instance UCC SALE OF GOODS and to ensure the agreement is legitimate or had been made by the law or with ARTICLE 2 SALES OF THE UCC. This information that I acquired in this class its creation me a superior expert agent, I will deal with and perform better in any position the board, additionally knowing and managing everything this class figured me I will challenge anything, by recognize what to do or where to go(courts) that manage any legitimate issue (business law) Im prepared. Much obliged.

Micro Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Miniaturized scale - Essay Example Since the company’s origin into business in 1982, it has become greatly through teaming up, inner turn of events, and key obtaining with industry pioneers. All through this development, the organization has extended its innovative aptitude close by more noteworthy comprehension of their client needs. In supporting its representatives, the association rewards and supports them through a program, â€Å"Total Reward†. In the program, there are complete advantages, world-class preparing programs, acknowledgment programs, worldwide vocation openings, and representative wellbeing and health activities. On a moral premise, it wasn't right for Edmondson to have made such strides as lying about his capabilities. It was amateurish of him as a pioneer to be found submitting such goes about as driving while inebriated. The organization to demonstrate its innocence it ought to have made Edmondson apologize to general society after his expression of remorse to the board before his acquiescence. The circumstance influenced the partnership financial specialists, top managerial staff and top administrators. There worries for the governing body and top administrators were concerned whether the inquiries they were holding out about previous CEO Edmondson would be one day offered an explanation to their satisfaction. Then again, the financial specialists were worried about why after Edmondson arrangement as CEO the organization battled with slacking stock cost and level deals. The investors’ concerns were influencing the top managerial staff on their validity in having the option to evaluate the representatives appropriately before doing advancements. The board’s choice was â€Å"tough† this on the grounds that Edmondson had worked for the organization more than ten years and had made a decent notoriety towards all the organization partners preceding the news story. Mr. Roberts depicted this circumstance as such on the grounds that he accepted that he had settled on the correct decision in choosing, preparing, and tutoring Edmondson as his replacement just for such a story to devastate all that

So, How Do I Write a Comparison Essay

So, How Do I Write a Comparison Essay Writing a comparison essay is one of the assignments that present you with opportunities to showcase and develop your analytical skills. It allows scholars to analytically look at things in the light of their similarities and differences. But before we look into the full details of how to write a comparison essay, we will have to define it. What is a comparison essay? Getting a thorough understanding of what this type of assignment is will allow you to know how to proceed with your assignment. That is why this section will define it. A comparison essay is an essay that compares two different objects or ideas that are different and yet similar enough to be compared. Synthesize your essay’s content One of the pillars on how to start a comparison essay is synthesizing the content you need to write your paper. The first step in the development of your paper’s content is analyzing and understanding the question of your assignment. You should look at the keywords to get hints and leads on the ideas you will need to include in your essay. This way, you will be better placed to know how far you can develop ideas on your own and if you may need the help of your lecturers. Since a comparison essay will require you compare two different things that are closely related, you have to analyze them to see how similar and different they are from each other. For example, if you are asked to compare Pele with Diego Maradona, you will need to list the fundamental ways in which the two soccer legends are similar. For instance: Both of them are world-renowned football legends The two men led their countries to win the FIFA senior men world cup Both are venerated soccer figures in their countries Both started their careers in their teenage life period. On the other hand, you may also need to list their differences. For instance, Diego is a Latin American while Pele is an African American. Additionally, Maradona had drug issues towards the end of his career that led to an anticlimax while Pele didn’t. After establishing the above, you ought to draft the thesis of your paper. The reason for this is that you need to come up with a stand on the comparison you are making. Your thesis will touch on the way or ways the two objects relate, their nature, or function. Organize your details After gathering details to draft your comparison essay topics, you should organize them. The reason for creating an organized structure is that you will be better placed to know how you are going to include and order your information. A tentative outline will ensure that your ideas take a logical form of expression and flow. You will need to write down all your primary arguments and ideas in an orderly fashion. When you do this, it will be easy for you to know how to find the details you need to clarify and prove each idea you have come up with. Drafting your paper After creating a placeholder, it is now time for you to draft your essay. Even though the structure of your paper will begin with a comparison essay introduction, followed by the body, and then the conclusion, you are not obligated to start writing it from the beginning. You can reverse the order and begin somewhere else. Where do you begin? You can still begin your essay with the body. The reason and logic behind this approach is that the body constitutes that gist of what you want to write about. It is in the body that you will give reasons and evidence for your thesis. After writing your body section, you will be better placed to draft the conclusion and the introduction. Trying to draft the introduction without the body will be challenging because the intro is the summary that tells the reader what you are going to talk about. Similarly, the conclusion is the summary that tells the reader what you have talked about and why it is critical. So, you can now see why it is critical to start in the middle of the paper. Organizing your paragraphs It is necessary to structure your body paragraphs in a logical manner. You should open every paragraph with a topic sentence that acts like a signpost that directs your reader to the idea that particular paragraph discusses. Afterward, you have to back it up with another sentence that explains and gives further details. Lastly, you need to wrap every paragraph with a concluding sentence that shows the importance of what the paragraph has just discussed. Reviewing your paper After drafting, you have to review the essay so that it is free from all errors. You should take a break in between writing and revising your work so that you can look at it with fresh eyes. In the meantime, you can ask one of your friends to go through it to detect any faults or make any recommendations. Afterward, you can come back to it and incorporate their ideas. This way, your revision will achieve the following results: A logical flow of ideas between sentences, paragraphs, and sections The detection and removal of all grammar errors The detection and removal of all editorial errors Consistency of all sections and subsections with your thesis and topic The inclusion of any forgotten ideas Final remarks This article has provided you with all you need to write an excellent comparison essay. It has answered the critical question, “What is a comparison essay?” It has also shown how to go about drafting all the major sections of the essay such as the comparison essay introduction and the body paragraphs. This far, you are now equipped with the knowledge and know-how to wisely implement that information so that you can sharpen your comparison essay writing skills. But should you face any disruption so as to need external help, please contact your-writers.net. We are a professional team of helpers specializing in all types of essay writing assignments. Contact us now.

The History Of The American Flag - 1557 Words

The History of The American Flag In this paper I am going to talk about the history of the American Flag and what makes it uniquely American. There are many reasons why the flag is uniquely American, one being that it is the American Flag. I am going to cover a lot of important facts about the flags history all the way to the present day flag. Ill cover the process of creating the flag and much more. The flag of the United States of American, also known as the American flag, is the national flag of the United States. The flag consists of thirteen equal stripes, starting with red and alternating with white. In the upper left corner the flag has a blue rectangle with fifty small, white, five-point stars. The stars are arranged in nine†¦show more content†¦While it is true that Ross sewed many American flags throughout her life, there is no evidence to support the claims of her descendant’s that she did in fact create the first American Flag at the request of George Washington. In 1794, the Flag Act authorized a new 15-star and 15-stripe flag. This went into effect on May 1st, 1795, and the Star Spangled Banner became the new official flag of the United States. The two additional stars and stripes were added to the original design in order to represent the admission of Vermont in 1791 and Kentucky in 1792. This edition of the American Flag is known as the Star Spangled Banner because it was the actual flag that flew over Fort McHenry and served as the inspiration for Francis Scott Key’s song that would become the national anthem, â€Å"Star Spangled Banner†, of The United States of America. The Act of April 4th, 1818 presented a new policy that provided for a constant of 13 stripes on all American Flags and one star for each state. The act stated that the flag would be officially modified on the 4th of July following the admission of each new state. This edition of the flag added five new stars for the admission of the new states including: Tennessee (1796), Ohio (1803), Louisiana (1812), Indiana (1816), and Mississippi (1817). The1819 flag had 21 stars and 13 stripes. A star was added for the state of Illinois, which was admitted to the United States of American on

Industrialization And Social Change During World War II

Since the founding of the founding of the United States in 1776, American law enforcement has evolved significantly. As the US developed and changed, the criminal justice system changed and experienced different focuses in operation. Since the first public police organization was founded in 1844 to today with 90% of all American of municipalities with a population of 2,500 or more having their own police forces, the US policing complex has seen many changes (Eskridge 81). Urbanization and social change have greatly impacted policing. Starting in World War II the US populous has steadily shifted from rural to urban areas. In response to this change the percentage of police officers employed in urban areas rose from 68% in 1977 to 82% in 1982 (Eskridge 81). Not only has the locational focus changed for policing, but changes in professionalism and technology have also impacted how police departments operate. The number of law enforcement training academies has grown exceptionally and t oday nearly all police departments use computers compared to only one in 1964 (Eskridge 82). These dramatic changes that police departments have encountered not only represent the evolution of policing but also the evolution of the democratic state. Law enforcement has seen its focus change throughout its evolution, currently there are five primary functions of policing: emergency arm of the community, gatekeepers, awareness agents, mediators, and moral censors (Eskridge 83). These functionsShow MoreRelatedIndustrialization Expansion in Russia and Japan Essay1050 Words   |  5 Pagesimmediately outclassed by the British in trade and military strength. Industrialization made good use of the natural resources in a state. Some nations industrialized a while after Great Britain and were falling behind. Two of these states were Russia and Japan. 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The Reasons Why the Us Entered Wwi Free Essays

De Lorenzo 1 James De Lorenzo Mr. Misurelli U. S History II B 3 March 2013 The Reasons why the US Entered WWI The First World War erupted on the 28th of July, 1914 with the assassination of the Austrian Archduke. We will write a custom essay sample on The Reasons Why the Us Entered Wwi or any similar topic only for you Order Now This horrific war finally ended on November 11th, 1918. The United States didn’t officially enter the war until April 6th, 1917. The US entered during the middle of the war and endured the bloody conflict to the very end. Woodrow Wilson, the president of the US during WWI, struggled with the choice of having the United States enter the war or not. Woodrow Wilson, as well as Congress, wanted the United States to remain neutral throughout the war and stay out of European affairs. After all, the US is 3,000 miles away and involving itself in the agonizing total war could be very costly. The United States really had no choice, I feel that they did it to them self. If the United States never try to sending weapons, medical supplies, and money to Britain and France. They stayed truly neutral they would never join Word War 1. The Americans had no idea that war was imminent in the summer of 1914. Under Presidential Control, Wood Wilson wanted the United States to stay neutral. Public opinion went along with neutrality at first. Neutrality was strongly among the Irish Americans, German Americans, and Swedish Americans, as well as many farmers especially in the South, and church leaders and women. German atrocities in Belgium De Lorenzo 2 and the RMS Lusitania, partly as German- Americans lost influence, and partly in response to Wilson’s position that America had to play a role to make the world safe for democracy. (www. boundless. com) The sinking of the Lusitania heightened tensions between the U. S. and Germany and helped sway American opinion in favor of joining the war. The first big incident that happen to the United States to join World War 1 was the sinking of the RMS Lusitania. The Lusitania was a British ocean liner that had 120 Americans on bored. On May 1, 1915, the Lusitania left port in New York for Liverpool to make her 202nd trip across the Atlantic. (http://history1900s. about. com) Since The World War 1 had started it was very dangerous for ships to get to Europe. Each side would try to blockade each other to prevent war supplies to reaching the enemy. German U-boats stalked British waters they continually looking for enemy ships holding war supplies to sink. May 7, 1915, Captain William Thomas Turner slowed the Lusitania down because of fog. 14 miles off the coast of Southern Ireland at Old Head of Kinsale, neither the captain nor any of his crew realized that the German U-boat, U-20, had already spotted and targeted them (http://history1900s. about. com) The U-boat fired a torpedo and hit the starboard side of the Lusitania. The Lusitania sunk within 18 minutes. 1,959 people on board, 1,198 died, the toll of civilians killed in this disaster shocked the world. The Americas were outraged that 120 Americas had died. The final incident that happen to the United States to join The World War 1 was The Zimmermann Telegram. In 1916 Woodrow Wilson was elected President for a second term, because of the slogan â€Å"He kept us out of war. † Events in the De Lorenzo 3 early 1917 would change the hope of Americans staying out of the war. On January of 1917, British cryptographers deciphered a telegram from German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmermann to the German Minister to Mexico, von Eckhardt, offering United States territory to Mexico in return for joining the German cause. http://www. archives. gov). British waited until February 24 to present the telegram to Woodrow Wilson. The United States press published news of the telegram on March 1. The public opinion changed that day people wanted to go to war and stop Germany. At first Wilson tried to maintain neutrality while fighting off the submarines. The U-boats sank seven us ships after then President Wilson called congress to vote declaration of war on Germany, which Congress voted on 6 April 1917. The vote was passed and the United State had entered World War 1. The United States home front had very little planning to go to war with Germany. Entire population of the United States to produces the soldiers, food supplies, and money needed to win the war. The United States government set 500,000 to 1,000,000 new employees to bring together the expertise necessary to redirect the economy into the production for war supplies and food necessary for the war. The Food Administration lead by Herbert Hoover made a massive campaign to teach Americans to economize on their food budgets, so the government could send food to their troops. Propaganda was very big in the news rooms in the United States. They often lied about what was going on in the west about Germany to get young men to sign                                                                                           `                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    De Lorenzo 4 up for the Military. Children had a big role in helping troops across seas, the Boy Scouts of America helped distribute war pamphlets, helped sell war bonds, and helped to drive nationalism and support for the war. The United States had a small army, after the passage of the Selective Service Act it drafted 2. 8 million men and by summer 1918 was sending 10,000 fresh soldiers to France every day. The United States Navy sent a battleship group to join with the British Grand Fleet to Queenstown Ireland and submarines to help guard ships with imported goods and war supplies. On the battlefields United States troops kept coming and Germany were unable to replace their losses. Victory over Germany was achieved on November 11, 1918 after German morale had collapsed on both the Western and Home Fronts. After the war Britain, France and Italy inputted hard economic penalties on Germany in the Treaty of Versailles. The United States Senate did not sign the Treaty of Versailles, they felt that Britain, France and Italy were being too hard on Germany. The United States signed separate peace treaties with Germany and its allies. Senate also rejected to enter the newly created League of Nations on Wilson’s terms. How to cite The Reasons Why the Us Entered Wwi, Essay examples

The Reasons Why the Us Entered Wwi Free Essays

De Lorenzo 1 James De Lorenzo Mr. Misurelli U. S History II B 3 March 2013 The Reasons why the US Entered WWI The First World War erupted on the 28th of July, 1914 with the assassination of the Austrian Archduke. We will write a custom essay sample on The Reasons Why the Us Entered Wwi or any similar topic only for you Order Now This horrific war finally ended on November 11th, 1918. The United States didn’t officially enter the war until April 6th, 1917. The US entered during the middle of the war and endured the bloody conflict to the very end. Woodrow Wilson, the president of the US during WWI, struggled with the choice of having the United States enter the war or not. Woodrow Wilson, as well as Congress, wanted the United States to remain neutral throughout the war and stay out of European affairs. After all, the US is 3,000 miles away and involving itself in the agonizing total war could be very costly. The United States really had no choice, I feel that they did it to them self. If the United States never try to sending weapons, medical supplies, and money to Britain and France. They stayed truly neutral they would never join Word War 1. The Americans had no idea that war was imminent in the summer of 1914. Under Presidential Control, Wood Wilson wanted the United States to stay neutral. Public opinion went along with neutrality at first. Neutrality was strongly among the Irish Americans, German Americans, and Swedish Americans, as well as many farmers especially in the South, and church leaders and women. German atrocities in Belgium De Lorenzo 2 and the RMS Lusitania, partly as German- Americans lost influence, and partly in response to Wilson’s position that America had to play a role to make the world safe for democracy. (www. boundless. com) The sinking of the Lusitania heightened tensions between the U. S. and Germany and helped sway American opinion in favor of joining the war. The first big incident that happen to the United States to join World War 1 was the sinking of the RMS Lusitania. The Lusitania was a British ocean liner that had 120 Americans on bored. On May 1, 1915, the Lusitania left port in New York for Liverpool to make her 202nd trip across the Atlantic. (http://history1900s. about. com) Since The World War 1 had started it was very dangerous for ships to get to Europe. Each side would try to blockade each other to prevent war supplies to reaching the enemy. German U-boats stalked British waters they continually looking for enemy ships holding war supplies to sink. May 7, 1915, Captain William Thomas Turner slowed the Lusitania down because of fog. 14 miles off the coast of Southern Ireland at Old Head of Kinsale, neither the captain nor any of his crew realized that the German U-boat, U-20, had already spotted and targeted them (http://history1900s. about. com) The U-boat fired a torpedo and hit the starboard side of the Lusitania. The Lusitania sunk within 18 minutes. 1,959 people on board, 1,198 died, the toll of civilians killed in this disaster shocked the world. The Americas were outraged that 120 Americas had died. The final incident that happen to the United States to join The World War 1 was The Zimmermann Telegram. In 1916 Woodrow Wilson was elected President for a second term, because of the slogan â€Å"He kept us out of war. † Events in the De Lorenzo 3 early 1917 would change the hope of Americans staying out of the war. On January of 1917, British cryptographers deciphered a telegram from German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmermann to the German Minister to Mexico, von Eckhardt, offering United States territory to Mexico in return for joining the German cause. http://www. archives. gov). British waited until February 24 to present the telegram to Woodrow Wilson. The United States press published news of the telegram on March 1. The public opinion changed that day people wanted to go to war and stop Germany. At first Wilson tried to maintain neutrality while fighting off the submarines. The U-boats sank seven us ships after then President Wilson called congress to vote declaration of war on Germany, which Congress voted on 6 April 1917. The vote was passed and the United State had entered World War 1. The United States home front had very little planning to go to war with Germany. Entire population of the United States to produces the soldiers, food supplies, and money needed to win the war. The United States government set 500,000 to 1,000,000 new employees to bring together the expertise necessary to redirect the economy into the production for war supplies and food necessary for the war. The Food Administration lead by Herbert Hoover made a massive campaign to teach Americans to economize on their food budgets, so the government could send food to their troops. Propaganda was very big in the news rooms in the United States. They often lied about what was going on in the west about Germany to get young men to sign                                                                                           `                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    De Lorenzo 4 up for the Military. Children had a big role in helping troops across seas, the Boy Scouts of America helped distribute war pamphlets, helped sell war bonds, and helped to drive nationalism and support for the war. The United States had a small army, after the passage of the Selective Service Act it drafted 2. 8 million men and by summer 1918 was sending 10,000 fresh soldiers to France every day. The United States Navy sent a battleship group to join with the British Grand Fleet to Queenstown Ireland and submarines to help guard ships with imported goods and war supplies. On the battlefields United States troops kept coming and Germany were unable to replace their losses. Victory over Germany was achieved on November 11, 1918 after German morale had collapsed on both the Western and Home Fronts. After the war Britain, France and Italy inputted hard economic penalties on Germany in the Treaty of Versailles. The United States Senate did not sign the Treaty of Versailles, they felt that Britain, France and Italy were being too hard on Germany. The United States signed separate peace treaties with Germany and its allies. Senate also rejected to enter the newly created League of Nations on Wilson’s terms. How to cite The Reasons Why the Us Entered Wwi, Essay examples

Personal Statement Request for a Letter of Recommendation Essay Example For Students

Personal Statement Request for a Letter of Recommendation Essay I am Jon Christopher Rodrigues, 18 years of age, Native American and I am currently enrolled in Arroyo Valley High School. I consider myself an elated person but tend to maintain a serious attitude when I am in a need to get situations done. A couple of things that makes me happy are making people smile, and working hard. I come from a family of four older brothers and three older sisters. My mother has been together with my father Toby Rodriguez for 25 years but unfortunately, my father had passed away when I was only six years old. It was a rough time for me, because I was only in kindergarten at the time and I still needed his guidance and motivation to focus in school. Even though my relationship with my family is great, its not the same without my dad and I still need that father figure in my life. My mother came along and helped shape me into a straight A student, and taught me the values to become a successful individual. Im the type of person who looks out for people in their time of need; who thinks about others before myself, and who loves to give rather than receive. Im a christian, so I was taught to love one another, treat everyone equally with respect and to be grateful for everything that life has given me. Im grateful for education because it opens new opportunities for me. I have taken AP classes, college prep classes, and honors classes in high school and my overall G. P. A is a 4. 0 from freshman year to senior year. I took four years of Honors Science, Business and History because those three subjects are my all time favorite subjects in education. I also love to debate, so I joined Mock Trial for a year but unfortunately, they didnt offer mock trial when I started high school only my junior year. In my after school activities, I like running for the cross country team, the track team, getting a job through the schools internship program and babysitting. I have been active in my sports, Cross Country and Track, for four years as varsity and made the captain position this year. I feel very accomplished and honored for all the commitment and dedication I put into the team. It was an honor to be chosen for a job from the school district (SBCUSD) and giving me a job to the school districts Catering Department and it was a great experience. After high school, I want to pursue my major in Criminal Justice of Science, the perfect career for me because I love to learn about the body of how it works, and how it communicates on a daily basis. In my physiology Science class I would always volunteer to dissect a cat because I love to see the anatomy of the body in depth like every detail of each structure to see how it each part works. This is a reminder that I need the letter of recommendation by November 8th. I would like to thank you for having the time to read my request for a letter of recommendation.

Pierre Elliott Trudeau - Canadas 15th Prime Minister free essay sample

PIERRE ELLIOTT TRUDEAUPierre Elliott was a 15thprime minister of Canada (1968–1979 and 1980–1984). He is the third longest serving Canadian prime minister in history. From 1961 to 1965 he was an assistant professor of law at the Montreal university in Canada. In 1960, Pierre Elliott Trudeau joining federal politic by the liberal part of Canada. In 1967 he toured the French-speaking African nations on behalf of the prime minister, Lester b Pearson, appointed him parliamentary secretary (1966) and minister of justice. His good identity and nonchalance of superfluous custom joined with his energetic thoughts, made him the most popular of the 20 candidates. On 6 April 1968, he. become a party leader after two weeks he became a prime minister of Canada.EARLY LIFETrudeau was born in the rich family, the son of a French businessman. Educated at Montreal University of Canada and London school of economics. After that he his return Quebec in 1949. trudeau support the union in the asbestos strike. We will write a custom essay sample on Pierre Elliott Trudeau Canadas 15th Prime Minister or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page in 1956 he edits a book on asbestos strike. In this book, he contributed in introduction and conclusion and the provinces social, political and economic values. In 1950-51, he was working in Ottawa as an adviser in the privy council office.TRUDEAU AND FEDERALISMAfter the liberal victory of the provincial election in 1960, the quiet revolution fulfilled some of Trudeaus hopes for change. At the same time, it revealed a deep rift between Trudeau and many of his former colleagues who were moving toward the idea of an independent Quà ©bec. As a law person teaching at the University of Montreal in the 1960s, Pierre Trudeau became a sharp critic of contemporary Quebec nationalism and argued for a Canadian federalism in which mean English and French Canada both have an equal right.CANADIAN MULTICULTURALISM POLICYIn 1971, Canadian prime minister Pierre Trudeau announced multiculturalism as a government policy in the house of commons. Multiculturalism policy provides freedom of all individuals recognition of the cultural contributions of diverse ethnic groups to Canadian society. Multiculturalism supports the use of languages in Canada English and French. This concept was again knowledge in 1982 the charter of right and freedom. On 21 July 1988 Canada government passed the Canadian multiculturalism act. Which mean government commitment to promote equal participation of individuals and comminutes of all origin in the continuous evolution in Canadian society.CULTURE LEGACYIn end years Pierre Trudeau ensured each the national gallery of Canada and the Canadian museum civilization had homes in the country capital. Government also enforced programs which mandated for the entertainment industry as well as the develop the Canadian media, culture and other many different industries. In 1970, secretary of state in the Canadian government introduced a policy of democratization and decentralization designed to reply to the divergent regional realities of Canada.

Musicarama Concert †Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra

Musicarama Concert – Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra Free Online Research Papers Musicarama Concert – Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra This is my first time to attend the Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra concert at Hong Kong City Hall. In this concert, those musical instruments are very attractive, such as cor anglais, bassoons, timpani, and harp. I realize that each musician’s performance is very important to reflect the value of the whole concert. If there are one of musicians got mistake when he/she play his/her instruments, the appreciate value of the concert must be reduced. I have noticed that the sounds of some music programmes were inserted by the â€Å"chopsticks hitting† sound to enhance the music attractive. I think the whole concert’s echoed sound effect is suitable. The title for Hymn for Tomorrow was impressive, if brief, the Philharmonic making its powerful percussion parts and the melodic lines of this music were projected with a feeling of forward motion and climax. I like the music so much. This music evoke me hope for a better tomorrow and feel passionately to look forward to my future life. The title for â€Å"Dai Pai Dong† is the Hong Kong culture. This music included all sounds in the food stall, such as bowl, dish, cup, and big fan. I have noticed that they were used some real bowl, cup, etc., to make this interesting sounds. In this concert, I have learned about the stylistic period in which it was composed â€Å"musicarama†. I know the genre of the concert is symphony. I like this kind of music. It is because that kind of music can make my feeling so relax. Especially, I enjoy the violins soloist part. In a concerto, the soloist and orchestra very well coordinated. As last, in the whole concert, I got the impression that the conductor had the ensemble under control and the conducting gestures and motions seem to be conveying the feeling of the music. Totally all musicians’ performance was very professional and outstanding. The concert was wonderful. Research Papers on Musicarama Concert – Hong Kong Philharmonic OrchestraHip-Hop is ArtWhere Wild and West MeetOpen Architechture a white paperThe Hockey GameThe Spring and AutumnRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfQuebec and CanadaThe Effects of Illegal Immigration19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

Judaism and Islam Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Judaism and Islam - Research Paper Example It is also referred to as the Pentateuch because it is composed of the five books of Moses, namely, The Book of Genesis, The Book of Exodus, The Book of Leviticus, The Book of Numbers, and The Book of Deuteronomy (Jewish Globe). Interestingly, these books are also found in the bible used by Christians and the accounts contained in these books can also be found in the Moslem Qur’an. They believe that the words contained in the Torah are the very words of God; they are not mere words of men who were inspired by God. The Torah contains the words of God himself. For this reason, the Torah is revered as the holiest of all the holy documents of Judaism. As a matter of fact, once it is destroyed and rendered unserviceable, it is given a ceremonial burial. A case in point is the elaborate burial of 11 Torah scrolls that were destroyed by fire in July 2010 in Bnei Brak, a city located on the east of Tel Aviv, Israel. Members of the faith mourned the scrolls’ destruction during an electrical fire at the synagogue. They placed death notices around the city and the burial rite which was attended by several rabbis and thousands of ultra-orthodox Jews made headlines around Israel. (Ettinger) It is worth noting that the Jewish tradition invests a lot of time, energy and resources in order to reproduce their sacred texts as they appear in the original form. Especially in reproducing scrolls for use in the synagogues, they still use the traditional materials, namely, the parchment paper and quill pens of the ancient times. Even the manner, the method and the stroke of writing the texts are maintained in its original appearance. As a matter of fact, the Jews take pride that â€Å"the oldest known parchments (the Dead Sea Scrolls, produced shortly before the Common Era) are virtually identical to those produced today† (Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs). Judaism has several sacred texts. At the pinnacle of the hierarchy of sacred texts is the Torah. The other sacred texts in Judaism are the Nevi’im and the Ketuvim. Together with the Torah, these three sacred texts form the Jewish Bible known as the Tanakh. Unlike the Torah which is the word of God that was reve aled unto Moses, both the Nevi’im and the Ketuvim were written by prophets over an extensive period of time from the thirteenth century BCE to the sixth century BCE. (Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs) In order to assist the faithful in reading and understanding the laws contained in the collective body of sacred texts called the Tanakh, religious and biblical scholars make commentaries on specific texts, words and lines in the Tanakh. Called the Targumim, these commentaries are â€Å"interpretive and contain fragments of exegesis and legend†

Impacts of Globalization on Apple Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Impacts of Globalization on Apple Inc - Essay Example One of the most successfully recognized global organizations that recognized the relevance of globalization is Apple Inc. In this regard, the current research aims to examine the actual and potential impacts of globalization on the organization through a comprehensive examination of the factors that led to the decision. The discourse would hereby be structured through providing the relevant theoretical framework for the globalization, prior to delving into the corporate background and profile of Apple Inc. Subsequently, the impact of globalization would be expounded as applied by Apple in terms of presenting the changes it made on the organization’s market share, competition, and the strategies designed and implemented for globalization efforts to succeed. Globalization As emphasized by Riggs (2000), the concept of globalization has been studied to reveal that it has many meanings and dimensions. Figure 1: Globalization has Many Meanings Source: Riggs 1998, 2 Business practiti oners could simply attempt define globalization as a process of expanding operations abroad. However, like the evolution in contemporary organizations’ structure, the concept and definition of globalization goes beyond the traditional view of doing business in another country or beyond international waters. In a study conducted by Al-Rodhan (2006), globalization was intricately defined as â€Å"a process that encompasses the causes, course, and consequences of transnational and transcultural integration of human and non-human activities† (Al-Rodhan 2006, 2). By transnational, Lee Iwan, a professional with extensive cultural and international experiences described its meaning as corporations that â€Å"have invested in foreign operations, have a central corporate facility but give decision-making, R&D and marketing powers to each individual foreign market† (Iwan 2007, 1). As indicated by Riggs (2000) on his key concepts of globalization, the dimensions of globali zation are: â€Å"Economics: globalization = trade, money, corporations, banking, capital Political science: globalization = governance, war, peace, IGOs, NGOs, regimes Sociology: globalization = communities, conflict, classes, nations, agreements Psychology: globalization = individuals as subjects and objects of global action Anthropology: globalizaton = cultures overlapping, adapting, clashing, merging Communications: globalization = information as knowledge and tools -- INTERNET Geography: globalization = everything, provided it can be anchored in space† (Riggs: Dimensions, 1998, par. 2). Figure 2: Dimensions of Globalization Source: Riggs, 1998, p. 5 These dimensions were validated by Al-Rodhan (2006) when he emphasized that â€Å"globalization involves economic integration; the transfer of policies across borders; the transmission of knowledge; cultural stability; the reproduction, relations, and discourses

Fair Value Accounting (FVA) in Barclays Bank Plc

Fair Value Accounting (FVA) in Barclays Bank Plc Before starting Research Methods, it is vitally important to understand the real meaning of Research in general. Research is a planned and methodical approach of finding answers to the questions'(R Cottrell J F McKenzie; 2010) It is an organized set of actions and steps which we will follow to achieve our objectives. There are many factors in Research Method which are always done to get the most precise results. Research is a pre-planned method, not a spontaneous approach. It is focused and limited to a particular scope. A good research is focused on appropriate, valuable, imperative questions and their answers. If there are no questions, there is no point of doing research and similarly finding answers to those questions is the most important. Whether its an answer to a hypothesis or even a simple question. A good research is ineffective unless we find the answers to the questions. A good Research is a major key to complete a successful project, report or Dissertation because if the research is not professional and well organized, then it is nearly impossible to complete a Project or Dissertation. TYPES OF RESEARCH METHODS:- Research methods can be categorised into two types. They are:- Deductive Research and Inductive Research. In research methods, conclusions are based on these two methods. Both are widely used in research projects. DEDUCTIVE METHOD:- Deduction follows an approach which is top-down or from general to specific. Aristotle a Greek philosopher described deduction as Drawing conclusions by applying rules or principles; logically moving from a general rule or principle to a specific solution(www.hubpages.com/hub/Types-of-Research Dated:03-05-2010) It is the procedure of getting a conclusion that is certain to pursue, if the data given is factual and the analysis used to achieve the conclusion is right. In deductive method, the grounds (facts) give an assurance of 100% accurate conclusion. EXAMPLE OF DEDUCTIVE METHOD:- There are 15 packs of cigarettes on the top-shelf of the cigarette case, There are 7 packs of cigarettes on the lower-shelf of the cigarette case. There are no cigarettes anywhere on the middle-shelf cigarette case From the above, it can be concluded that there are 22 packs of cigarettes in the cigarette case. INDUCTIVE METHOD: Induction method is from precise to general. In induction, we scrutinize some events, deduct a pattern and draw conclusion. This method involves moving from an exact condition to a common conclusion. This method is undefined and investigative. It does not give 100% assurance of reality but a chance of being accurate. EXAMPLE OF INDUCTION METHOD:- This coffee is hot. (Specific, based on a direct observation.) All coffees are hot. (General, can be applied to any ice) OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH METHODS: The key objectives of this research are:- To Critically Analyze the Role of Fair Value Accounting (FVA) in Barclays Bank Plc. Norbury Branch, London and what are its effects on Barclays Bank Plc. before, during and after Credit Crunch? To Investigate whether the systematic risk is associated with the financial crises of Barclays Bank Plc. or not? To Highlight the impact of market to market reporting in contributing financial difficulties for Barclays Bank Plc. To Find out the contagion of Barclays Bank Plc with Recommendations Conclusion. KEY LITERATURE REVIEW:- An efficient banking system is an indicator of sustainable economy (Imola; 2006). Banks perform fundamental roles not only in financial system of a country but also globally due to their nature of business performance and corresponding assets policy. Banks play the role of financial intermediaries in an economy (Imola; 2006) FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING: DEFINITION: Financial Accounting Standards define Fair Value Accounting as: The price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (Whittgton; 2008) ROLE OF FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING AND ITS BACKGROUND: In accounting, fair value is used as an estimate of the market value of an asset or liability for which a market price cannot be determined. The measurement of assets and liabilities takes place at three levels. At the first level, the fair value of an asset or liability is calculated at quoted prices if the market is active for that asset and liability. At second level, the cost of similar assets and liabilities are taken for evaluation and at last level, the market for these assets and liabilities are not available, the standard supports to use market to model approach for valuation of assets and liabilities (MacNamara; 2009). Evaluation of assets and liabilities at Level three is considered to be more problematic. This increases the manipulation risk because of non availability of market prices. (Penman; 2009) argue that for most of the loans, the quoted prices are not available in the markets. Even if the prices for these loans are available, they do not reflect the private information of these loans for banks. Therefore, to determine the fair value of these loans, different valuation models are used (Penman; 2007). Financial Accounting Standards (FAS) allows financial institutions to report their assets at level three but the opponents of (FAS) argue that it has forced banks to value troubled securities at lower prices (MacNamara; 2009). Wall Street Journal claims that the reporting of assets and liabilities on Fair Value Accounting (FVA) causes financial institutions and banks to write down their mortgage backed securities (Gold, 2008). However, most of accountants, regulators and investors defend this by arguing that it provides more accurate and transparent reflection of a company‘s position (MacNamara; 2009). Kurt N. Schacht managing director of CFA (Institute of Chartered Financial Accountants) argues that fair value measurement is only relevant information under the prevailing circumstances (Gold; 2008). ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING (FVA):- Many Banks around the world have started revising their estimates of credit losses. Several parties blame FVA for the sub prime crisis (G.Ryan; 2008). The controversy has been observed during the discussion paper on Statements of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS 2006) that the interpretations made by Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) about fair value ignored the transaction costs and entity‘s specific assumptions (Whittington; 2008). However, the advocators of FVA argue that FVA is not responsible for crisis. It is just a reporting and measurement system of assets and liabilities (Christian Laux; 2009). Wallace (2009) suggests that the fair value accounting is not the main cause of current financial crisis. He names it as a messenger of current crisis and advocates that FVA has helped us to recognize the problem earlier otherwise the situation would be much worse as compare to its current position (Wallace; 2009). Moreover, the advocators argue that the accounting rules contradict with framework of institutions. They point out that sometime managers make deviations from market prices due to their own interests (Christian Laux; 2009). Singleton (2006) argues that historical cost accounting is out of date and there is a strong possibility that management manipulate it. In modern era, the current values based reporting (e.g. market based) are more relevant and reliable. Henceforth, the supporters suggest that it is difficult to say that FVA is responsible for the current crisis (Singeton; 2006). The supporters further assert that under FVA, assets and liabilities are recorded at the price, at which these assets and liabilities can be sold (Gold; 2008). Thus, FVA represents the current market condition and provides accurate financial information of an entity. (Stephen; 2006). In support of FVA, Stephen Penman (2006) mentions the following points. Firstly, inventors are more interested in value not in cost. Secondly, in prevailing situations the historical prices are not relevant to provide up to date financial position of a business. Thirdly, the fair value is based on reality of assets and liabilities actual financial position. Further, it reflects the true economic substance. Finally, as markets are efficient, they are not influenced by a single firm or business. Therefore, the information based on market prices is more relevant (Stephen; 2006). Finnegan (2009) concludes that FVA is suitable to apply in both periods e.g. when market prices are available as well as when markets are inactive and market prices are not available (I.Victor; 2009). However, the opponent asserts that FVA is irrelevant and misleading especially for those assets and liabilities which are held for long term (held to maturity).They further argue: firstly, as efficient market hypothesis theory does not always true in real life. It fails in some situations. Therefore, in the situation of inefficient market FVA provides wrong information to investors and creates liquidity problems. Secondly, FVA measurement model are not reliable and finally, FVA contributes pro cyclicality in the financial system (Mary E. Barth; 1995). In spite of all criticism, The FASB IASB believe that fair value measurement of financial assets is more relevant in producing useful financial position of firm as compare to historical cost based measurements. They argue that fair value shows the current cash equivalent of the business‘s financial instruments rather than the price of acquisition of financial instruments (Benston; 2008). Further, supporting FVA, the former chairman of SEC Mr. Breeden, suggests that all financial institutions like banks as well as publicly held companies should report their financial position on market based because market based information are most relevant to financial attributes (Mary E. Barth; 1995). Allen and Carletti (2008) assert that banks may become insolvent with the effect of market to market prices. The valuation based on market prices creates instability in market prices that affect the value of banking assets and this leads to ruin banking portfolio and contagion (Mahan, 2009). However, the advocators of FVA assert that it has provided early warning of current crisis and asked banks to take corrective actions (Wallance; 2009). Mahan (2009) points out that the fair value is not a single reason of the current crisis the other factors, for example, inadequate risk management, poor lending requirements, the assessment of rating agencies and insufficient capital requirements are also contributors of these crisis. Mahan (2009) claims that the banking regulation, especially the capital requirement is also one of major reason in failure of banks. However, the logic behind the capital requirement of regulators and central bank is the same as the secured loans issue by banks to creditors to protect market from financial distress and keep insurance of market discipline. Recently, the London based International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) declared that they are going to change the market to market rule and will follows the United States Standard. Recently, the US companies are reporting their assets under level three categories (Morgan; 2009). BARCLAYs BANK PLC. CONCERN ABOUT FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING (FVA) DURING FINANCIAL CRISIS:- Barclays explain the following reasons for rejection of FVA during financial crises. Firstly, they argue the FVA is irrelevant for investors. It does not communicate the rationality (Christian Laux; 2009). Critics of FVA have accused it of pouring fuel on the fire rather than simply measuring the flame (Morley; 2008). Secondly, it is not suitable for banking industry and finally, they said fair value is inappropriate for those assets which are held for long term (i.e. held to maturity) and the assets which have no active market (i.e. for illiquid assets). In the mid of 2008, when the crisis reached at its maximum point, the bank started blaming FVA and their main focus of criticism was the valuation of liquid assets. Barclays argue that FVA has played an effective role in creating these crises. On the other side of the coin, (Ball; 2000) (Leuz; 2003) suggested that investors, and other interested groups e.g. Accountants and customers have opposite opinion. These interested groups are against the suspension of FVA standards. For example, during November 2008, the joint letter to SEC the Consumer Federation of America, Centre for Audit Quality, Council of Institutional Investors, Investment Management Association, and CFA Institute assert that investors are more confident on the standards (i.e. FVA) which are more transparent and report current and relevant information for valuation of financial instruments regardless of the direction of markets (Christian Laux; 2009). Nicolas (2008) argues that the illiquidity criticism spots light at the market conditions for many financial instruments. These instruments were imbalanced from August 2007 and were not reporting the true prices in markets on the basis of demand and supply principle. Most of prices did not reflect the potential to generate the future cash flows associated with an assets or investment. Nicolas (2008) further argues that fair value compelled Barclays Bank Plc. to record assets and liabilities on the value which is unjustified by economic conditions. Resultantly, Barclays Bank Plc. was forced to raise new capital under depressed valuation conditions to meet the legal solvency requirements which resulted in reduction in the equity value of existing shareholders. The pro-cyclicality criticism of fair value is based on the idea that when there is boost in market prices it apparently strengths the balance sheet of Barclays Bank. However, in the time of reduction in market prices, it damages the economic position of the bank more severely (Amola; 2006). Futher, Nicolas ( 2008) argues that as the studies support that markets do not work efficiently during the time of crisis when every participant is in the condition of uncertainty and market information are disordered. Therefore, the accounting standards which rely on market‘s information, damages the decision of it‘s users. Additionally, he argues that criticism of pro-cyclicality of FVA is not only when markets are inactive for securities but also in the normal conditions of economy (Nicolas; 2008). Regardless of criticism of FVA, Wallace (2009) suggests that elimination of fair value standards is not solution to the problem. The government should focus on stabilizing the financial markets, rebuilding investors confidence by promoting liquidity conditions in markets and improving regulations (Wallace; 2009). Barclays Bank can overcome the shortcomings of historical cost accounting. Reporting at FVA standards, the bank can record their financial instruments including loans at fair value (market based price). Buckland (2005) also argues that for the purpose of monitoring and supervision, the supporters of FVA consider it more reliable source of information. EMPIRICAL LITERATURE REVIEW RESEARCH OBJECTIVES:- During existing literature review, I observed that mostly, the underlying subject has been discussed working papers, reports, conferences and general argumentations. The following literatures give the guidelines to understand the issues related to financial crisis, systemic risk and FVA standards. I went through the following literature to understand my topic of research. Magnan (2009) provides general overview of FVA on financial statements. He briefly explains the origins of FVA, its applications and role in the financial crisis. He believes that FVA has contributed in acceleration of financial crisis especially in banks and financial institutions (Magnon; 2009). Magnan (2009) explains, how fair value has contributed and created financial crisis? He describes that at the start of 2007, some of the financial institution‘s (including Barclays Plc.) assets and liabilities drop in value and this drop in value forced these institutions to report assets and liabilities lower at their balance sheets. This reporting at lower value negatively affected their capital adequacy ratios (Magnan; 2009) Morley (2008) discusses the role of accounting standard setters and their comments about the FVA. Further, spotting light at the problems of FVA they argue that the sharp fall in market values of many financial instruments adversely affect the market price of these instruments. Additionally, they point out the challenges IASB is facing after the recent financial crisis. They state that the political threat to IASB‘s independence and credibility is continuously growing. Moreover, the headlines such as, Bank‘s accounting gets murkier (Wall Street Journal, November, 11, 2008). The third quarter reports of banks provide evidence that bank‘s accounting system get murkier e.g. The Royal Bank of Scotland is said to have avoided booking à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤1.4 billion of losses as a result of the rule change, and Deutsche Bank, Lloyds TSB and HSBC collectively are said to have avoided booking losses of â‚ ¬1.5 billion (Morley; 2008). SYSTEMATIC RISK-DEFINITION:- The banking regulations were introduced in the system to avoid systemic risk in the sector (Allen; 1995). The regulators of prudential law are fully aware of the danger that systemic risk can produce in the banking sector. Systemic risk is the risk that can breakdown an entire system (Acharya; 2002). Kaufman (2003) founded that there is high correlation between systemic risk and failure of banking system in a country, a number of countries or throughout the world. Sohnke. M (2005) defines systemic risk as The risk of a failure of the global banking system resulting from a failure of the global inter-bank payment system (Sohnke M; 2005). SYSTEMATIC RISK BANKING SYSTEM:- In the case of the banking industry, all banks are connecting to each other due to inter-banking transactions (Sohnke M; 2005). They have common deposits, loans, payment systems and other different indirect services to other financial institutions. Inter-banking system works within a country as well as across countries. Therefore, the adverse shock that effects on a bank in a system damages the entire system. Thus, the insolvency of one bank transforms the insolvencies of other banks in the system. The theory and evidence advocate that the danger of contagious systemic risk in the banking industry is faster and stronger as compare to any other industry (Kaufman Scott, 2003). Additionally, Kaufman (2003) suggests that the initial failure of a bank starts knock on reaction in the system. However, at the start of this shock, the other banks do not expect its transmission to them. Kaufman (2003) explains that if a bank has smaller capital to assets ratio, this means that the bank is highly leveraged. Therefore, this set of banks transfer their insolvency to other banks in a system (Khan; 2009). Moreover, Kaufman (2003) suggests that in banks, the downward trend in the credit market affects the quality of private and public information. This information also increases the uncertainty in the credit market and badly affects these market conditions. In such situations of uncertainty no participant wants to take risks. Therefore, investors quickly transfer their funds to a safer place (Kaufman Scott; 2003). Cifuentes, Ferrucci, and Shin (2005) argue that when assets and liabilities are reported on market to market basis and there are also external solvency requirements (e.g. prudential regulation), these situations lead to increase of risk in the financial system. They further argue that when the prices of assets are falling, these assets disrupt the solvency ratio of firms. Prudential regulations in banking system demand banks to maintain capital reserves for their solvency in estimation of risk associated with institutions (Khan; 2009). Plantin (2008) has observed that banks sell their assets when prices of assets were falling and purchased assets when prices were rising. Such acts of banks increased the volatility in market prices which increased the probability of rise in the systemic risk in banking sector. MARKET TO MARKET REPORTING FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING:- Plannutin (2008) suggest that when markets are inactive, FVA becomes more inefficient as compare to historical based accounting (Plannutin G; 2008). As market to market accounting increases the probability of pro-cyclical trades that creates the illiquidity situation in markets. The logic behind is that when the market is illiquid for particular assets as compare to other assets which have active market, the sale of assets adversely affects the price of assets and firm for whom there is no seller or buyer ( Khan; 2008). Therefore, it can be argued that under the FVA reporting (which is based on market to market), prices of assets and liabilities further decline prices of assets and liabilities for which no markets exist. Further, in such situations of uncertainty, the management of these firms sell these assets at lower prices. In reaction to this, pro-cyclical trades starts which increase the overall risk especially in the banking sector. Therefore, we can understand that during the recent financial crisis, how the FVA is associated with the systemic risk of banking system? As the market for banking assets became illiquid during the financial crisis and sale of assets of other firms increased pressure on bank‘s management to sell their asset at lower prices (Pollock A 2008). JUSTIFICATION:- Why I have chosen the role fair value accounting in Barclays Bank Plc.? Being a student of MBA Banking and finance, this topic will give me a unique opportunity to cover both fields of my MBA in one research i.e Banking as well as Finance. Fair value accounting will help me to learn about the finance and financial crises while FVAs role in Barclays Bank Plc. will give me a chance to understand more about UK Banking system. This topic will also provide me empirical evidence about the role of fair value accounting in Barclays Bank Plc. I have a strong desire to built my career in Banking or Finance sector in future as those two fields are of my interest so definitely, this topic will be help me to achieve my future goals. It is also pertinent to mention here that three of my close friends working in Barclays Bank Plc. (two of them working in the same branch i.e.Norbury, london) which will give me an easy access to the data to complete my research methods/dissertation without any hurdles. HYPOTHESIS:- To make an assumption or prediction about any research is not an easy thing to do but on the basis of literature review, I can predict that the role of Fair Value Accounting (FVA) in Barclays Bank Plc. has a positive effect on UK Banking industry as (Nicolas; 2008) argues that Fair Value Accounting compelled Banks to record assets and liabilities on the value which is unjustified by economic conditions and it has played an important role in Barclays Bank Plc. success during credit crunch. I can also predict that the systematic risk is not associated with the financial crisis of Barclays Bank Plc. and by highlighting the impact of market to market reporting in financial difficulties for Barclays Bank Plc, It is assumed that its contribution for the banking industry was vital during financial crisis. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:- Research methodology consists of two types of research. They are:- Primary Research. Secondary Research. PRIMARY RESEARCH:- Primary Research is research which is used to gather statistics for a precise task. Types of primary data collection methods include:- Personal Observation:  The observation of the respondent by a skilled observer or by electronic tools e.g camera, video. The aim is to observe customer response and activities to a product or consumer service. Personal Interviews:  Face to face interview between an interviewer and the respondent. ADVANTAGES OF PERSONAL INTERVIEWS:- In detail answers achievable. Qualitative statistics can be obtained from small sample. Observation improves precision. Understanding leads to less refusals. DISADVANTAGES OF PERSONAL INTERVIEWS:- Costs qualified Interviewer expensive. Interviewer bias. Difficult to get an appointment if the interviewer is a busy person. Invasion of privacy. FINDINGS ANALYSIS-PRIMARY RESEARCH:- SCOPE OF QUALITATIVE METHOD:- To collect the primary data for my qualitative analysis, Ill develop questionnaires to identify answers of the research questions in the dissertation. Ill follow (B Healey; 2005) approach who developed close ended questionnaires with check boxes to answer these questions. Gannon (2001) asserts that amongst all the other research techniques, the questionnaires have been given high priority due to negligible cost and scope for easy evaluation they offer. Close ended questionnaires are one of the most common used tools for getting opinions ( L H Wang; 2006). Further, it is an adequate way to get the opinion of experts from the relevant field of research that has good representation of practical experiences and expert knowledge. Underneath this logic, most of companies, Banks and government agencies use this method to collect information. LIMITATIONS OF QUALITATIVE METHOD: Gannon (2001) critics that the information gathered as the results of questionnaires are limited because mostly questions ask in questionnaire allow only positive or negative response. Additionally, it is pragmatic that sometime the respondents refuse to answer certain questions or giving their answers in hazel and even sometime do not read the questions (Sproull; 2001). Chambers and Pretty claim that in spite of problem with answering the questionnaires, it was considered that it is time consuming, expensive and not suitable for reaching at conclusion ( Marslan; 2001) . SECONDARY RESEARCH:- Secondary research is the most general research method engaged in the every field today. It involves dealing out facts figures that has already been collected by a different party. With this research, researchers will check with previous studies and findings such as reports, press articles and earlier market research projects in order to come to a conclusion. This has comparatively low cost in comparison to  primary research. TYPES OF SECONDARY RESEARCH:- There are different types of resources offered for secondary research. The most well-known are: Published statistics: survey, housing and social security statistics Published texts: abstract work, secondary analysis by  experts  and reports Media: documentaries as a source of information Personal documents: diaries ADVANTAGES:- Economical and reachable especially at University/College Library. Often the only source, for example historical documents Books. Only way to look at major trends. DISADVANTAGES:- Lack of stability of perception. Biases and inaccuracy can not be checked Available data often increase more questions than they answer. The worry over whether  any  statistics can be completely detached from the perspective of its gathering or not. FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS-SECONDARY RESEARCH:- SCOPE OF QUANTITATIVE METHOD:- Prior to 2004, UK firms and Barclays Bank Plc. were preparing their financial statements according to UK GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles). 2005 was the first year when International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) and UK Accounting Standard Board asked UK firms Banks including Barclays Bank Plc. to prepare and report their financial statements at IFRS. (Ormrod; 2007). Additionally, Gannon and Ashwal claim that more than hundred countries worldwide use International Accounting Standards on either a compulsory or on a permitted basis and more countries are expected to follow in the near future.(Ormrod; 2007). Ill consider year 2005 when Barclays Bank Plc. adopted IFRS as start of FVA regime. Henceforth, year 2005 to date, Ill take as my sample period for quantitative testing. Ill use secondary data sources to gather information for quantitative analysis eg Barclays website, Journals, Books. Ill collect the details of assets and liabilities which are reported at fair value of different banks from the web sites of these banks and then Ill compare them with Barclays Bank Plc. This study will provide me evidence that the difference between reporting assets and liabilities at fair value and book value on investment securities explains the share prices of insurance companies and banks as (Penman; 2007) described. LIMITATIONS OF QUANTITATIVE METHOD:- Mirosevich (2008) argues that most of quantitative methods are based on classical tests which produce correct results only when underlying assumptions are fulfilled. These tests produce incorrect P-values, effect sizes and confidence intervals when they violate the key assumptions to calculate P- values. Therefore, the evaluations of these results mislead the research objectivity (Mirosevich; 2008). The researchers observed that the assumptions made under quantitative methods to test hypotheses are mostly not correct in real life. Many factors are to be considered constant or assumed not affecting the dependent variables. Therefore, the results obtain from such tests are sometimes misleading the research goals (Mirosevich; 2008). RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION:- The debate of costs and benefits of fair value will go on and the analyses conducted in this study are considered to be a new addition to literature which addresses important and complex issues of FVA in current debate of accounting usefulness. These issues require further investigative studies. The financial crisis has made clear that the financial statements organizers need additional guidance to calculate fair values in illiquid markets. Users of these financial reports need better disclosures of financial information especially at the critical level 3 inputs. The users of financial information are interested to analyse the sensitivity of fair value measurements and its influence on the Barclays Bank Plc. Accounting standard-setters need to consider the demands of interested parties and issue guidance and disclosures accordingly. Preparers need to provide these disclosures in an informative fashion, and users must analyze them carefully and dispassionately. Additionally, accounting researchers and teachers can contribute to all of these processes. Indeed, for all of us who care about accounting and its role in the economy, there is much work need to be done (G.Ryan; 2008). Further, I believe that more time and research is required to determine reality that whether FVA has played its role in failure of Barclays Bank Plc. or not? To understand the role of FVA seems vital for future developments and implementations of accounting standards in Barclays Bank Plc. Additionally, future studies of FVA will give new shape and directions to financial reporting framework. I hope that over next few years, most likely the conduct of lot of empirical studies will give us a distinct answer to the question about the role of FVA in Barclays Bank Plc. during financial crisis. The debate of FVA mainly revolves around the issues cost and benefit of reporting assets and liabilities at fair value and its role during financial crisis. The researchers such as Penman (2007) Simatupang

Managing Financial Resources Essay

1.Managing Financial Resources: Provides students with an understanding of the nature of resources available to an organization; how resources can be managed to add value; understand the value chain and how sustainable competitive advantage can be maintained; how linkages between value systems are created for competitive advantage; and how the core skills and competencies of an organization are identified and managed. 2.Corporate Finance and Evaluation: Introduces students to the modern theory of finance. It examines decision rules for financial decisions in firms and the capital market context in which these decisions are made. The subjects covered are the value and capital budgeting, portfolio theory, models of security valuation, efficient markets, long-term financing, company dividend decisions, capital structure, and interactions of investment and financing decisions. 3.Financial Accounting and Analysis: Aims to take students from first principles financial accounting rules and concepts to a broad understanding of some of the key practices and techniques in financial accounting and analysis. The module covers the principles underlying financial statements, the preparation of basic financial statements, key elements of financial accounting theory, accounting standards and the interpretation of published financial statements. 4.Strategic Management Simulation: This module aims to introduce to students key aspects of strategic management through a business simulation exercise. Students work in a team environment to develop their knowledge and skills in strategic decision making, with tasks centered on finance and human resource management. The simulation is a computer based. The teams compete against each other in a simulated business environment and the strategic decisions they make have real time affect on how their organization performs. Decisions are therefore coordinated within the team based on the interpretation of various forms of information, which in turn translate into poor or successful business performance. 5.The Liverpool MBA Management Game: Only top 12 students among the entire cohort of University of Liverpool’s MBA were chosen to work on this project. Worked on a MBA Consultancy Project for T.J. Morris Ltd., to prepare a Strategic and Financial Business Plan for their entry into th e foreign retail market, the recommendations for which were well received by Mr. Joe Morris – Operations Director of the company. 6.Managing the Environment: The module draws, especially, from the closely related disciplines of strategy and marketing and deals with the macro and micro environments, buying behavior in consumer and industrial markets. It covers the nature and scope of the issues typically associated with understanding the business environment, environmental and organizational analysis, preparation of a marketing plan, the components of strategic management and the role of marketing within the strategy process. 7.Managing People: The module aims to develop students’ understanding of the realities of organizations and strategies for managing people in organizations with regard to striking a balance between the needs of the organization and employee needs. 8.Managing Change: The course examines issues and dilemmas facing those managing change via an examination of the main types, strategies and processes of change in organizations, as well as the main problems that are encountered in successfully implementing organizational change; the methods and strategies that can be employed to analyze complex organizational systems and decide what needs to change and how; the components of change, and the ‘levers’ of organizational change; the conditions in which innovative and evolutionary change is likely to occur and the management thinking and the skills necessary to cope with ambiguity on an ongoing basis. 9. 3 month dissertation – Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on the Indian Economy.

Clytemnestra’s Deception as Depicted in the Oresteia Trilogy

Clytemnestra Deception In The Agamemnon book of the Oresteia trilogy, the Chorus in each play represents the people who feel under represented and disrespected by the society's changing values. They also fear the control of an effective woman in Clytemnestra rather than the leadership of Agamemnon. The Chorus takes direct actions, thought to ensure their prominence. Agamemnon, the king of Argos, returns home from the war at Troy. As his war prize he brings with him the prophetess-maiden Cassandra, daughter of King Priam of Troy.She was chosen by Apollo and granted the gift of prophecy, but as a result of Apollo's anger towards Cassandra, no one believes her predictions. Cassandra knows she and Agamemnon are going to die, but is powerless to prevent it. This is the main plot that unfolds in The Agamemnon. Clytemnestra kills Agamemnon and Cassandra, but her motive for these murders is much more serious than Just marital infidelity: He sacrificed his own daughter, â€Å"my beloved chil d to whom I gave birth suffering great pains, Just to control the Thracian winds with pells† (1417-18).Clytemnestra hates Agamemnon, who was ordered by the goddess Artemis to sacrifice their first-born, Iphigenia. However, â€Å"Clytemnestra is also angry with her husband because of Cassandra, and she express that both adulterers deserved punishment† (1431-47). The situation is somewhat dubious. Clytemnestra herself is having an adulterous affair with Agamemnon's worst enemy, Aegisthus, with whom she has also been plotting the murder of Agamemnon. In terms of marital infidelity, Clytemnestra cannot claim moral superiority over Agamemnon.So the son of Agamemnon, Orestes, murders his mother to avenge the murder of his father. Clytemnestra dies not Just because of her adultery but for her treachery. The crucial issue is the regicide, and the question of whether Clytemnestra's horrendous deeds can be Justified as a response to Iphigenia's sacrifice. The Homecoming-rituals s hape the dramatic structure of the play. In the first half of the play Clytemnestra deliberately perverts all the rituals involved in the homecoming of the king.This is an ntentional and important aspect of her character and a way for the queen to assert her power. She makes the elders of Argos wait for her answer at the palace, when they came to ask her about the sacrificial fires burning in every major and minor shrine in the town. â€Å"The elders are skeptical of Clytemnestra's reasons for believing that the expedition to Troy has been successful, and the conversation between the queen and the elders is reminiscent of a duel† (258-60).However, Clytemnestra masterfully uses rhetoric worthy of a man, and in the end the elders admit defeat 351-54). The queen disparages the herald who arrives to inform her of the safe return of Agamemnon. Clytemnestra cuts off his announcement by telling him that she already knows of the victory and claims that her husband will tell her every thing she needs to know (587-614). Once again, she has successfully been undermined by her ‘unfeminine' strength of mind and speech.When Agamemnon arrives, Clytemnestra assumes control of the situation by arriving late and giving a lengthy and garrulous welcoming speech to ner husband 8 Finally, in the tamous arpet-scene (914-74), the queen persuades Agamemnon to offend the gods by walking on the luxurious purple clothes and straight to his death by her actions, Clytemnestra has managed to break with all the traditional Greek customs and rituals related to the homecoming of a king.That is the theme that dominates the first half of the play. Clytemnestra's actions reveal to the audience her intentions. They also expose her growing power and the political and psychological battle between the elders†who represent the people of Argos†and the herald.

Corporate Social Responsibilities of Wal-Mart Essay

As corporations continue to evolve and compete in a global marketplace where consumers are afforded the opportunity to give and receive feedback from immediate social media avenues, the image of the corporation becomes an ever increasing concern for executives and shareholders. Because of this instantaneous feedback, the actions of a corporation are under constant scrutiny and evaluation. In an effort to capitalize on this opportunity, company executives have embraced the idea of Corporate Social Responsibility or CSR. Corporate Social Responsibility is a self-imposed set of policies that a company commits to that involves the protection of the company, its internal and external shareholders and the community and environments. There†¦show more content†¦Good ethical companies cannot merely limit their ethical responsibilities to those limitations of the law but must also be good stewards of the community and strive to make employees feel happy and whole. 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